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Empress Dowager Cixi - Wikipedia
Empress Dowager Cixi (Mandarin pronunciation: [tsʰɹ̩̌.ɕì]; 29 November 1835 – 15 November 1908) was a Manchu noblewoman of the Yehe Nara clan who effectively but periodically controlled the Chinese government in the late Qing dynasty as empress dowager and regent for almost 50 years, from 1861 until her death in 1908.
Cixi | Biography & Facts | Britannica
Cixi (born November 29, 1835, Beijing, China—died November 15, 1908, Beijing) was the consort of the Xianfeng emperor (reigned 1850–61), mother of the Tongzhi emperor (reigned 1861–75), adoptive mother of the Guangxu emperor (reigned 1875–1908), and a towering presence over the Chinese empire for almost half a century.
慈禧太后（清朝晚期重要政治人物）_百度百科
叶赫那拉氏（1835年11月29日－1908年11月15日），一般根据其 徽号 简称为“慈禧”“慈禧太后” [45]，又有“西太后”“老佛爷” [25] 等称呼。 中国 晚清 时期重要政治人物。 咸丰帝 的妃嫔， 同治帝 的生母。 [24] 慈禧于 咸丰 二年（1852年）入宫，赐号兰 贵人 （一说懿贵人），次年晋封懿 嫔。 因生下皇长子载淳（同治帝），晋至懿 贵妃。 咸丰十一年（1861年），载淳即位，她与 慈安 两宫并尊，称“圣母皇太后”， 徽号 “慈禧”。 之后联合慈安、恭亲王 奕䜣 发动 辛酉政变，诛 顾命八大臣，夺取政权。 执政初期，整顿吏治，重用汉臣，获取列强支持，先后镇压 太平天国 、 捻军 等起义，使清王朝获得暂时的稳定。 同时兴起的 洋务运动，使近代工商业获得初步发展。
慈禧太后 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书
ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠩᡥᡝᠣ， 穆麟德轉寫： hiyoošungga gingguji iletu hūwangheo[2]；1835年11月29日—1908年11月15日） [1][3]，通稱 慈禧太后 、 慈禧 、 西太后， 满洲镶蓝旗 人，中國 清朝 晚期女性皇室成员、政治人物，為 清文宗 咸豐皇帝之 后宮嬪妃 （懿貴妃）和 清穆宗 同治皇帝的生母，也是清朝 同治 、 光緒 年間（1861—1908）中國實際上的最高統治者。 其子同治帝 登基 後，上 徽號 「慈禧」； 清德宗 光緒皇帝登基後， 尊稱 其為 皇爸爸 或 親爸爸[b]；被尊称为 老祖宗 、 老佛爺 、 老太后 、 慈禧老佛爺 或 太后老佛爺。 她是中國史上最後一位享有 太皇太后 頭銜的人。
Cixi: The Woman Behind the Throne - Smithsonian
History can be a slippery substance, particularly when it comes to personalities. A century after the death of China's last and most famous empress, Cixi, the story of her life and reign remains...
Cixi, the controversial empress dowager who modernized China
After Cixi seized power, the brilliant queen regent of China never let it go and guided her people into the 20th century. Born in 1835, the girl who would gain fame as the Empress Dowager Cixi...
Empress Dowager Cixi: Her Life, Reign, and Mystery - China Highlights
Empress Dowager Cixi stands out as infamous in Qing Dynasty and Chinese history. Cixi's early life, reign, and events of her time are covered here.
Cixi summary | Britannica
Cixi , or Tz’u-hsi known as the Empress Dowager, (born Nov. 29, 1835, Beijing, China—died Nov. 15, 1908, Beijing), Imperial consort who controlled the Chinese Qing dynasty for almost half a century. A low-ranking concubine of the Xianfeng emperor (r. 1850–61), Cixi bore his only son, the future Tongzhi emperor, in 1856.
Cixi - Asia Society
The Empress Dowager Cixi was the last paramount ruler of the Qing Dynasty. While she governed primarily through the regency, her stranglehold on court power held firm for five decades.
China Wiki – The free encyclopedia on China, china.org.cn
Empress Dowager Cixi (慈禧太后) was born in 1835 to a Manchu official named Huizheng of the Manchu Yehe Nara Clan in Anhui Province. She was a member of the Plain Yellow Banner division under the Eight Banners, an administrative system for Manchu families. In 1852, Cixi participated in a selection for concubines and was selected on that ...
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